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		<title>Laboratuvar Hizmetleri sunum rehberi</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jan 2013 10:09:00 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[TIBBİ HİZMETLER SUNUM REHBERİ Türkiye Kamu Hastaneleri Kurumu 4. Laboratuvar Hizmetleri (1) Sağlık tesislerinde, hekimler ve diş hekimleri tarafından istenilen her türlü tetkik ve tahlilin veri gizliliğine uygun olarak analiz edilmesine yönelik sunulan...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>TIBBİ HİZMETLER SUNUM REHBERİ<br />
Türkiye Kamu Hastaneleri Kurumu </p>
<p>4. Laboratuvar Hizmetleri<br />
(1) Sağlık tesislerinde, hekimler ve diş hekimleri tarafından istenilen her türlü tetkik ve tahlilin veri gizliliğine uygun olarak analiz edilmesine yönelik sunulan hizmetlerin bütünüdür.<br />
(2) Laboratuvar hizmetinin sağlık tesisi tarafından sağlanamaması halinde,  Bakanlıkça ruhsatlı özel laboratuvarlardan veya kamu kurum ve kuruluşları bünyesinde kurulan laboratuvarlardan hizmet alımı yapılabilir. Hizmet alımı durumunda;<br />
a)Hastadan, laboratuvar tetkikini talep eden sağlık tesisinde numune alınması,<br />
b) Numunenin, tetkiki gerçekleştirecek laboratuvara hasta veya yakınlarıyla gönderilmemesi,<br />
c) Laboratuvar tetkikini gerçekleştiren kurum veya kuruluş ismini ve adresinin tetkik sonuç raporunda yer alması,<br />
d)Tetkik sonuçlarının, hizmet satın alınan kurum veya kuruluş tarafından gecikmeksizin güvenli bir şekilde gönderilmesi, hususlarına  uyulması zorunlu olup, hizmeti alan sağlık tesisi  yönetimi ile hizmeti veren kurum veya kuruluş, bu uygulamadan ve sonuçlarından müştereken sorumludur.<br />
(3) Laboratuvarlarda numunelerin ve tetkik sonuçlarının karışmasını ve  kaybolmasını engelleyecek tedbirler alınır.<br />
4.1. Laboratuvar Hizmet Sunum Süreci<br />
4.1.1. Kaliteli ve güvenilir bir laboratuvar hizmetinin gerçekleştirilebilmesi için laboratuvarlar preanalitik, analitik  ve postanalitik süreçleri de kapsayacak şekilde düzenlenmelidir. Bu süreçler; otomasyon programı kullanılarak, hekim tarafından yapılan istemlere ait, uygun koşullarda alınmış ve transferi gerçekleştirilmiş numunelerin, laboratuvara kabulünü, testlerin çalışılmasını, sonuçların onaylanması ve raporlanmasını,<br />
laboratuvar analizlerinde görülebilecek aksaklıkların çözüm yollarının oluşturulmasını, aksaklık durumunda ilgili sağlık personeli ve hastaların bilgilendirilmesini kapsamalıdır.<br />
4.1.2.Laboratuvar hizmetlerinin sunulabilmesi için gerekli şartları karşılaması gerekir.<br />
a) Numune kabul ve red  kriterleri tanımlanmalı, numune kabulü ile ilgili kurallar hakkında hem laboratuvar  personelinin hem de ilgili diğer sağlık tesisi  personelinin bilgilendirilmesi sağlanmalıdır.<br />
b) Çalışılan tüm testlerin internal kalite kontrolü yapılmalıdır.<br />
c) Eksternal kalite kontrolü yapılabilen testlerin eksternal kalite kontrolleri yapılmalıdır.<br />
d) Çalışılan parametrelerin panik değer listesi bulunmalıdır.<br />
e) Tahlil/tetkik sonuçları belirlenen sürelerde verilmelidir (acil testler tanımlanmalı ve sonuç verme süreleri hakkında hastaları bilgilendirecek düzenlemeler yapılmalıdır.<br />
f) Kit verimlilik hesaplaması yapılmalıdır.<br />
g) Laboratuvar bölümlerinde çalışan ( ELİSA, Biyokimya, Patoloji…)  personele çalışacağı cihaz ve test alanı ile ilgili eğitim verilmelidir.<br />
h) Laboratuvarda kullanılan kitlerin ve sarf malzemelerinin miyat kontrolleri yapılmalıdır.<br />
4.1.3.Görevli teknisyen numunelerin kabulünü yapar. Numunelerin geliş saati, laboratuvar kayıt elemanı tarafından barkoda okutularak kayıt altına alınır. Numunenin laboratuvara ulaşmasından sonra tüpün kırılması veya numunenin hatalı alınması durumunda hastadan tekrar alınır. Eğer hasta poliklinik hastası ve sağlık tesisinden ayrıldı ise, bilgi işlem biriminden hastanın adres ve telefon bilgilerine ulaşılır. Hastanın sağlık tesisine gelerek tekrar numune vermesi istenir.<br />
4.1.4.Gereken kan ürünleri santrifüj edilir. Santrifüjlü kanlar ve numuneler (idrar, gaita gibi) tetkiki çalışacak teknisyenlere dağıtılır.<br />
4.1.5.Görevli teknisyenler kullandıkları cihazın kullanım ve bakım talimatlarına uygun olarak günlük bakımını yapar. Çalışmaya başlamadan önce kontrollerini okutur. Çalışılan her test için belirlenen sürelerde kalibrasyonu yapar.<br />
4.1.6.Testlerde kullanılan malzemelerin günlük kullanılanları cihazlarla aynı ortamda uygun ısı ve nem koşullarında muhafaza edilir. Kalan stok malzemeler ise laboratuvar içerisinde bulunan depodaki buzdolaplarında korunur.<br />
a) Tetkikler çalışılır. Laboratuvar uzman hekiminin kontrolleri değerlendirmesinden sonra analize hazır numuneleri cihazlara yüklenir. Analizi biten numune sonuçları ilgili uzman hekim tarafından kontrol edilerek onaylanır, bilgisayara aktarılır.<br />
b) Elde edilen tetkik sonuçları otomasyon programına girilir. Klinik ön tanı ile uyumlu olmayan test sonuçları laboratuvar uzman hekiminin talimatı ile ilgili teknisyen tarafından tekrar çalışılır. Bildirimi zorunlu olan hastalıklarla ilgili test sonuçlarının pozitif çıkması durumunda ilk numunede üç kez test tekrarlanır, yine pozitif çıkarsa hastayı tedavi eden hekim bilgilendirilir. Gerekli durumlar için doğrulama prosedürü uygulanır.<br />
c) Panik değer sonuçları sağlık tesisi otomasyon sistemine tanımlanır ve bu değerler tespit edildiğinde sistem  ilgilileri uyarır. Sistemin otomasyon üzerinden uyarmasına ek olarak, telefonla ve bizzat ilgili hekime veya hemşiresine en kısa zamanda ulaşılarak bilgi verilir.<br />
Bildirimi yapılan panik değerlerin, hem otomasyon sistemi üzerinden, hem de ilgili form ile kaydı tutulmalıdır. Laboratuvarda çalışan personele de panik değerler ve panik değer bildirimi ile ilgili eğitim verilmelidir.<br />
d) İlgisine göre biyokimya veya mikrobiyoloji uzmanınca onaylanan tetkikin sonucu istemi yapan  hekimce görülebilir. Serolojik,  hematolojik, biyokimyasal ve idrar analiz sonuçları sınırları Bakanlıkça belirlenen süreler içerisinde olmak kaydıyla her sağlık tesisi tarafından belirlenerek duyurulur. Sonuçlar tamamlanıp onaylandıktan sonra ilgili polikliniklere otomasyon üzerinden aktarılır.<br />
e) Gerekli durumlarda kâğıt çıktısı biyokimya veya mikrobiyoloji uzmanınca imzalanır.<br />
4.1.7. Laboratuvarlarda iç kalite kontrolünün yanı sıra her numune için belirtilmiş sürelerde  bakanlık tarafından belirlenen asgari parametreler için dış kalite kontrolleri de yapılmalıdır. Dış kalite kontrolünü yürüten kuruluş, ilgili laboratuvara belirli aralıklarla kontrol örnekleri gönderir ve bu örneklerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda gelen veriler dış kalite kontrol merkezinde analiz edilir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, ilgili laboratuvara gönderilerek laboratuvarın kendi performansı hakkında bilgi sahibi olması sağlanır.<br />
4.1.8. Laboratuvarda kullanılan kit, kontrol serumları ve diğer sarf malzemelerinin miad ve kritik stok seviyeleri takip edilmeli ve kayıt altına alınmalıdır.<br />
4.1.9. Laboratuvar alanlarında kullanılacak kit ve malzemelerin istemleri ilgili ünitede görev yapan personeller tarafından ünitenin sorumlusuna bildirilir. Sorumlu talebin niteliğine ve sağlık tesisinin ihtiyaç yönetimi politikasına uygun olarak ilgili birime gerekli bilgiyi verir ve eksik malzemenin teminini ister. İstenilen kit veya malzeme, ilgili birim tarafından aciliyet sırası da dikkate alınarak, mevcut stoklardan veya tedarik yoluyla elde edilerek, ilgili ünitede kullanacak kişiye teslim edilir.<br />
4.1.10. Laboratuvar alanları, temiz ve düzenli olarak hizmet verecek şekilde planlanmalıdır.<br />
Personel geçişlerini zorlaştıracak malzeme ve kalabalığın önlenmesi için gerekli tedbirler alınmalıdır. Kapsamlı temizlik hizmetleri, laboratuvar çalışması başlamadan önce tamamlanmış olmalı, gün içinde kullanıma bağlı temizlik ihtiyaçları sağlık hizmetini engellemeyecek şekilde ivedilikle giderilmelidir.<br />
4.1.11. Laboratuvar alanlarında, teknik donanım, elektrik ve sıhhi  tesisatlarda meydana gelebilecek aksaklıklar gibi hizmeti olumsuz etkileyecek durumlarda, bölüm sorumlusu, teknik işler bölümüne gerekli bilgiyi verir.<br />
4.1.12. Laboratuvar alanlarının personel açısından uygun iklimlendirme  şartlarını taşıması gerekir. Doğal ışık imkânları sağlama önceliği dikkate alınarak yeterli aydınlatma yapılmalıdır.<br />
4.1.13. Bu alanların personele yönelik yeterli güvenlik tedbirleri alınmalıdır. Güvenlik kod uygulaması bu alanlarda esastır. Güvenlik önlemleri kapsamında kamera sistemleri kurulurken personelin kişisel mahremiyete özen gösterilmelidir.</p>
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		<title>Quality in laboratory  diagnostics: from theory to practice</title>
		<link>https://wp.mikrobik.net/quality-in-laboratory-diagnostics-from-theory-to-practice/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mikrobik]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 18 Jun 2012 14:53:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biyokimya Derlemeleri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[laboratory]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[New Page 1 Special issue: Quality in laboratory diagnostics: from theory to practice &#160; Giuseppe Lippi, Mario Plebani, Ana-Maria Simundic. Quality in laboratory diagnostics: from theory to practice. Biochemia Medica 2010;20(2):126-30. Full text...]]></description>
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	<b><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Special issue: Quality in laboratory<br />
	diagnostics: from theory to practice</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">
	<b>&nbsp;</b></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">
	<b><span style="font-size:10pt;">Giuseppe Lippi, Mario Plebani, Ana-Maria<br />
	Simundic. </span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;">Quality in laboratory<br />
	diagnostics: from theory to practice. Biochemia Medica 2010;20(2):126-30.</span></div>
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	&nbsp;</div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">
	<b><span style="font-size:10pt;">Giuseppe Lippi, Ana-Maria Simundic, Camilla<br />
	Mattiuzzi. </span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;">Overview on patient<br />
	safety in healthcare and laboratory diagnostics. Biochemia Medica<br />
	2010;20(2):131-43.</span></div>
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	<b>&nbsp;</b></div>
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	&nbsp;</div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">
	<b><span style="font-size:10pt;">Mathias M. Müller. </span></b><br />
	<span style="font-size:10pt;">Quality and diagnostic perspectives in<br />
	laboratory diagnostics. Biochemia Medica 2010;20(2):144-6.</span></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
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	<font color="#800080">PDF</font></a></span></div>
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	&nbsp;</div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	<b><span style="font-size:10pt;">Oswald Sonntag.</span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;"><br />
	Quality in the analytical phase. Biochemia Medica 2010;20(2):147-53</span></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
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	<font color="#800080">PDF</font></a></span></div>
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	&nbsp;</div>
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	&nbsp;</div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">
	<b><span style="font-size:10pt;">Ana-Maria Simundic, Elizabeta Topic, Nora<br />
	Nikolac, Giuseppe Lippi. </span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;">Hemolysis<br />
	detection and management of hemolysed specimens. Biochemia Medica<br />
	2010;20(2):154-9.</span></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	<span style="font-size:10pt;"><br />
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	&nbsp;</div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	<b><span style="font-size:10pt;">Laura Sciacovelli, Sandra Secchiero, Lorena<br />
	Zardo, Mario Plebani. </span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;">The role of<br />
	the External Quality Assessment. Biochemia Medica 2010;20(2):160-4.</span></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	<span style="font-size:10pt;"><br />
	<a TARGET="_blank" href="http://www.biochemia-medica.com/content/role-external-quality-assessment"><br />
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	<font color="#800080">PDF</font></a></span></div>
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	&nbsp;</div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	<b><span style="font-size:10pt;">Gian Cesare Guidi, Gian Luca Salvagno.</span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;"><br />
	Reference intervals as a tool for total quality management. Biochemia Medica<br />
	2010;20(2):165-72.</span></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	<span style="font-size:10pt;"><br />
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	<font color="#800080">PDF</font></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	&nbsp;</div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	<b><span style="font-size:10pt;">Mario Plebani, Elisa Piva.</span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;"><br />
	Notification of critical values. Biochemia Medica 2010;20(2):173-8.</span></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	<span style="font-size:10pt;"><br />
	<a TARGET="_blank" href="http://www.biochemia-medica.com/content/notification-critical-values"><br />
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	<font color="#800080">PDF</font></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	&nbsp;</div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	<b><span style="font-size:10pt;">Alberta Caleffi, Fabio Manoni, Maria Grazia<br />
	Alessio, Cosimo Ottomano, Giuseppe Lippi. </span></b><br />
	<span style="font-size:10pt;">Quality in extra-analytical phases of<br />
	urinanalysis. Biochemia Medica 2010;20(2):179-83.</span></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	<span style="font-size:10pt;"><br />
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<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	&nbsp;</div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	<b><span style="font-size:10pt;">Roslyn Bonar, Emmanuel J. Favaloro, Dorothy<br />
	M. Adcock.</span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;"> Quality in coagulation<br />
	and haemostasis testing. Biochemia Medica 2010;20(2):184-99.</span></div>
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	<span style="font-size:10pt;"><br />
	<a TARGET="_blank" href="http://www.biochemia-medica.com/content/quality-coagulation-and-haemostasis-testing"><br />
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	<font color="#800080">PDF</font></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	&nbsp;</div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	<b><span style="font-size:10pt;">Davide Giavarina, Adele Villani, Marco<br />
	Caputo.</span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;"> Quality in point of care<br />
	testing. Biochemia Medica 2010;20(2):200-6.</span></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	<span style="font-size:10pt;"><br />
	<a TARGET="_blank" href="http://www.biochemia-medica.com/content/quality-point-care-testing"><br />
	<font color="#800080">Full text English (HTML)</font></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
	<a TARGET="_blank" href="http://www.biochemia-medica.com/system/files/Giavarina%20D.%20et%20al.-%20Quality%20in%20pont%20care%20testing.pdf"><br />
	<font color="#800080">PDF</font></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	&nbsp;</div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	<b><span style="font-size:10pt;">Ana K. Stankovic, Jeffrey Silvestri,<br />
	Michael Mails, Carmen Najork.</span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;"> Total<br />
	quality in laboratory diagnostics: the role of commercial companies.<br />
	Biochemia Medica 2010;20(2):207-14.</span></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	<span style="font-size:10pt;"><br />
	<a TARGET="_blank" href="http://www.biochemia-medica.com/content/total-quality-laboratory-diagnostics-role-commercial-companies"><br />
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	<a TARGET="_blank" href="http://www.biochemia-medica.com/system/files/Stankovic%20AK.%20et%20al.-%20Role%20of%20commercial%20companies%20in%20assuring%20laboratory%20quality.pdf	%20Remove	%20List"><br />
	<font color="#800080">PDF</font></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	&nbsp;</div>
<div style="text-align:justify;margin:6pt 0pt 0pt;">
	<b><span style="font-size:10pt;">Tomáš Zima.</span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;"><br />
	Accreditation in clinical laboratories. Biochemia Medica 2010;20(2):215-20.</span></div>
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	<span style="font-size:10pt;"><br />
	<a TARGET="_blank" href="http://www.biochemia-medica.com/content/accreditation-clinical-laboratories"><br />
	<font color="#800080">Full text English (HTML)</font></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
	<a TARGET="_blank" href="http://www.biochemia-medica.com/system/files/Zima%20T.-%20Accreditation%20in%20clinical%20laboratories.pdf"><br />
	<font color="#800080">PDF</font></a></span></div>
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	&nbsp;</div>
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		<title>Laboratory Medicine Workforce</title>
		<link>https://wp.mikrobik.net/laboratory-medicine-workforce/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mikrobik]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 09:21:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biyokimya Derlemeleri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[laboratory]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Laboratory Medicine Workforce Laboratory Medicine: A National Status Report The laboratory medicine workforce plays a vital role in the health care system, managing and applying evidence-based, scientific testing techniques to support patient care...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><span style="color:#5C3566;">Laboratory Medicine Workforce</span></strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.futurelabmedicine.org/reports/chapter_iii_-_laboratory_medicine_workforce.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Laboratory Medicine: A National Status Report</a></p>
<p>The laboratory medicine workforce plays a vital role in the health care system, managing and applying evidence-based, scientific testing techniques to support patient care and protect against public health threats.1 However, there is growing concern regarding a significant shortage in the number of laboratory professionals entering the workforce. The shortage could become pronounced soon with the forthcoming retirement of many laboratorians. At the same time, the demand for laboratory services continues to increase given such factors as the aging of the population, growing prevalence of chronic diseases, and availability of new testing methods. Innovative technologies also are changing the practice of laboratory medicine and, in turn, the educational requirements and staff qualifications needed to provide quality testing services. This chapter provides an overview of the professionals in the laboratory medicine workforce, including their day-to-day responsibilities, demographic characteristics, vacancy rates, and wages. The chapter also addresses the status of educational programs for each professional group, including specialty education programs, changes in curriculum, and data on program enrollees and graduates. Lastly, this chapter discusses licensing and certification at the federal and state level.</p>
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		<title>Market Profile of the Laboratory Medicine Sector</title>
		<link>https://wp.mikrobik.net/market-profile-of-the-laboratory-medicine-sector/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mikrobik]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2009 15:05:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biyokimya Derlemeleri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[laboratory]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Market Profile of the Laboratory Medicine Sector Laboratory Medicine: A National Status Report This chapter provides an overview of the size and structure of the U.S. laboratory sector, including revenue, spending, test volume,...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><span style="color:#5C3566;">Market Profile of the Laboratory Medicine Sector</span></strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.futurelabmedicine.org/reports/chapter_ii_-_market_profile.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Laboratory Medicine: A National Status Report</a></p>
<p>This chapter provides an overview of the size and structure of the U.S. laboratory sector, including revenue, spending, test volume, and other key elements. Market information is delineated by laboratory setting and test type. Settings include hospitals, physicians’ offices, other clinical settings (e.g., skilled nursing facilities), and independently operated sites in the community. Examining market by test type highlights trends in the traditional broad disciplines of clinical pathology and anatomic pathology as well as the emerging interdisciplinary areas associated with molecular pathology. Depending on the type of test and the state of origin, consumers may perform self testing at home, work, or another site, or order tests directly through a clinical laboratory or the Internet. Publicly available information about the economic status and quality of the laboratory medicine sector is limited. For purposes of this chapter, data were compiled from multiple public and private sector sources. Among these sources were market research reports, such as Lab Industry Strategic Outlook: Market Trends and Analysis 2007a, the CMS OSCAR database, which contains information about laboratory certification, accreditation, and proficiency testing; other government reports; published literature; and personal communications with industry experts and government officials.</p>
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		<title>The Value of Laboratory Medicine to Health Care</title>
		<link>https://wp.mikrobik.net/the-value-of-laboratory-medicine-to-health-care/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mikrobik]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2009 15:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biyokimya Derlemeleri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[laboratory]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The Value of Laboratory Medicine to Health Care Laboratory Medicine: A National Status Report Laboratory medicine is an essential element of the health care system. It is integral to many clinical decisions, providing...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><span style="color:#5C3566;">The Value of Laboratory Medicine to Health Care</span></strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.futurelabmedicine.org/reports/chapter_i_-_value_of.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Laboratory Medicine: A National Status Report</a></p>
<p>Laboratory medicine is an essential element of the health care system. It is integral to many clinical decisions, providing physicians, nurses, and other health care providers with often pivotal information for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of disease.1 Laboratory tests and services supply clinicians with information necessary to provide high quality, safe, effective, and appropriate care to patients. The key role of laboratory testing is reflected in evidence-based medicine (EBM) and clinical practice guidelines. Health care providers, quality assurance organizations, and payers are incorporating selected laboratory tests into indicators to objectively assess quality of care for individual patients and populations and to support payment policies. Laboratory medicine has an essential role in risk management. Not only can testing help to prevent certain adverse events, it can facilitate detection and recovery from adverse health events when they do occur. Laboratory tests help to prevent infectious agents from getting into the blood supply and ensure the safety of organs and tissues for transplant. Through effective and timely surveillance, tests can help to mitigate threats to patient and population health (e.g., influenza, nosocomial infections, severe acute respiratory syndrome). The contributions of laboratory tests and services as an essential component and partner in health systems remain under-recognized. Despite the extensive role of laboratory medicine in informing medical decision-making, spending on laboratory services accounts for only 2.3% of national health care spending and 2% of Medicare expenditures.1, 2 As overall expenditures on health care continue to rise, appropriate use of laboratory tests can facilitate cost-effective care via early detection and improved management of priority health conditions. Recent and emerging technological advances gained from mapping the human genome, including applications of genetic testing that enable personalized medicine, call greater attention to the contributions of laboratory medicine to patient care as well as the scientific and medical knowledge base. This chapter summarizes the value of laboratory medicine to health care and patient and population health.</p>
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		<title>Patient-Centered Care and Laboratory Medicine</title>
		<link>https://wp.mikrobik.net/patient-centered-care-and-laboratory-medicine/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mikrobik]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2009 14:50:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biyokimya Derlemeleri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[laboratory]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Patient-Centered Care and Laboratory Medicine National Status Report – 2008-2009 Update Improving the quality and safety of health care necessitates a shift from the conventional provider-centric “biomedical” approach toward a patient-centered approach. This...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><span style="color:#5C3566;">Patient-Centered Care and Laboratory Medicine</span></strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.futurelabmedicine.org/reports/Laboratory_Medicine_National_Status_%20Report_08-09_Update&#8211;Patient-Centered_Care.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Status Report – 2008-2009 Update</a></p>
<p>Improving the quality and safety of health care necessitates a shift from the conventional provider-centric “biomedical” approach toward a patient-centered approach. This approach supports mutually beneficial partnerships, improves communication, and empowers consumers to take an active role in their care. Patient-centered care incorporates the patient perspective in interaction with providers, systems, and institutions. A core component of patient-centered care is open communication of vital information and appropriate education in a manner that facilitates autonomy, self care, and health promotion. A growing body of evidence indicates that a collaborative relationship between patients and health care providers can lead to improved patient satisfaction, engagement in decision making, participation in prevention activities, better self management of chronic conditions, and adherence to prescribed care.<br />
Patient-centered care entails partnership and collaboration among health care providers, including laboratorians. Shared scientific knowledge and appropriate, timely access to patient information should enable clinical decision making and care coordination—two important dimensions of patient-centered care. A growing body of research indicates that collaboration among health care providers and between clinicians and laboratorians can improve quality of care and health outcomes, reduce errors, and decrease systemic inefficiencies. Patient-centered care encompasses seven dimensions (Box 1), each of which is defined by specific characteristics (Appendix A).</p>
<p>Box 1: Dimensions of Patient-centered Care<br />
• Respect for patients’ values, preferences, and expressed needs<br />
• Information, communication, and education<br />
• Physical comfort<br />
• Emotional support and alleviation of fear and anxiety<br />
• Involvement of family and friends<br />
• Coordination and integration of care<br />
• Transition and continuity<br />
Source: Gerteis et al. Through the patients’ eyes: understanding and promoting patient-centered care. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1993.</p>
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		<title>LAB Animations</title>
		<link>https://wp.mikrobik.net/lab-animations/</link>
					<comments>https://wp.mikrobik.net/lab-animations/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mikrobik]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Feb 2009 14:13:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biyokimya Video ve Animasyonları]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[animation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[laboratory]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>

					<description><![CDATA[LAB ANIMATIONS Gary Kaiser GIF animation showing how to streak an agar plate for isolation. GIF animation showing a portion of a single colony being &#8220;picked off.&#8221; Flash Animation showing serologic identification of...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>LAB ANIMATIONS</strong><br />
Gary Kaiser</p>
<p><a href="http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/labmanua/lab2/streak_an.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GIF animation showing how to streak an agar plate for isolation.</a><br />
<a href="http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/labmanua/lab3/pick.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GIF animation showing a portion of a single colony being &#8220;picked off.&#8221;</a><br />
<a href="http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/labmanua/lab17/StrepA1_flash.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Flash Animation showing serologic identification of Group A Streptococci, part-1.</a><br />
<a href="http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/labmanua/lab17/StrepA2_flash.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Flash Animation showing serologic identification of Group A Streptococci, part-2.</a><br />
<a href="http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/labmanua/lab17/preg_flash.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Flash Animation showing immunologic testing for pregnancy.</a><br />
<a href="http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/labmanua/lab17/dfaby_flash.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Flash Animation showing a positive direct fluorescent antibody test. </a><br />
<a href="http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/labmanua/lab17/negdfaby_flash.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Flash Animation showing a negative direct fluorescent antibody test.</a><br />
<a href="http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/labmanua/lab18/fta_flash.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Flash animation of the FTA-ABS test for syphilis.</a><br />
<a href="http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/labmanua/lab18/eia_flash.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Flash animation of the EIA test for antibodies against HIV.</a><br />
<a href="http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/labmanua/lab18/wb_flash.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Flash animation of the WB test for antibodies against HIV. </a></p>
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		<title>New York State Department of Health Clinical Laboratory Standards of Practice</title>
		<link>https://wp.mikrobik.net/new-york-state-department-of-health-clinical-laboratory-standards-of-practice/</link>
					<comments>https://wp.mikrobik.net/new-york-state-department-of-health-clinical-laboratory-standards-of-practice/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mikrobik]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 2008 08:33:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biyokimya Rehberleri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[laboratory]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The Clinical Laboratory Evaluation Program (CLEP) seeks to ensure the accuracy and reliability of results of laboratory tests on specimens obtained within the state through on-site inspections, proficiency testing and evaluation of the...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Clinical Laboratory Evaluation Program (CLEP) seeks to ensure the accuracy and reliability of results of laboratory tests on specimens obtained within the state through on-site inspections, proficiency testing and evaluation of the qualifications of personnel of state permit-holding clinical laboratories and blood banks. The proper performance of diagnostic laboratory tests is a matter of vital concern, affecting the public health, safety and welfare of all NYS residents. Clinical laboratories and blood banks provide essential public health services in aiding the medical practitioner by furnishing information invaluable in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Substandard performance of such tests may and has contributed to erroneous diagnoses and/or the selection of inappropriate treatment protocols. </p>
<p><a target=_blank" href="http://www.wadsworth.org/labcert/clep/files/Microbiology.pdf">New York State Department of Health Clinical Laboratory Standards of Practice-Microbiology</a></p>
<p><a target=_blank" href="http://www.wadsworth.org/labcert/clep/files/DiagnosticImmunologyHIV.pdf">New York State Department of Health Clinical Laboratory Standards of Practice-Diagnostic Immunology-HIV</a></p>
<p><a target=_blank" href="http://www.wadsworth.org/labcert/clep/files/CellularImmunologyCytokines.pdf">New York State Department of Health Clinical Laboratory Standards of Practice-Cellular Immunology-Cytokines</a></p>
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