Prokaryotic Protein Synthesis
Peptide Bond Formation
Transcription
Meiosis
Mitosis
DNA Replication: Nucleotide Polymerization
Replication of a Chromosome
DNA Replication: Coordination of Leading- and Lagging-Strand Synthesis
Meiotic Recombination Between Unlinked Genes
Meiotic Recombination Between Linked Genes
Meselson-Radding Model of Crossing-Over
Genetic Consequences of the Meselson-Radding Model
Molecular Interaction Between Alleles: Wild Type
Molecular Interaction Between Alleles: Homozygous Recessive, Null Mutation
Molecular Interaction Between Alleles: Homozygous Recessive, Leaky Mutation
Molecular Interaction Between Alleles: Heterozygous, Complete Dominance
Nonsense Suppression I: Nonsense Mutation
Nonsense Suppression II: tRNA Nonsense Suppressor
Nonsense Suppression III: Suppression of the Nonsense Mutation
The Streisinger Model of Mutation
UV-Induced Photodimers and Excision Repair
Meiotic Nondisjunction at Meiosis I
Meiotic Nondisjunction at Meiosis II
Formation of Paracentric Inversions
Meiotic Behavior of Paracentric Inversions
Formation of Reciprocal Translocations
Meiotic Behavior of Reciprocal Translocations
Pseudolinkage of Genes by Reciprocal Translocations
Making a Library of Wild Type DNA
Cloning Genes by Functional Complementation
Using a Cloned Gene to Probe for mRNA
Synthesizing an Oligonucleotide Microarray
Using an Oligonucleotide Microarray to Analyze Patterns of Gene Expression
The Lac Operon
The Lac Operon: Oc lac Operator Mutations
The Lac Operon: I- Lac Repressor Mutations
The Lac Operon: IS Lac Super-Repressor Mutations
Bacterial Conjugation
Detecting RFLPs
RFLP Analysis
Replicative Transposition
Autotetraploid Meiosis
Screening Mutations
Gene Interactions in Drosophila: Cell Signaling in Dorsal-Ventral Axis Formation

On-Line Biology Book: Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION: THE NATURE OF SCIENCE AND BIOLOGY (REVISED 3/12/07)
CHEMISTRY I: ATOMS AND MOLECULES (REVISED 3/12/07 )
CHEMISTRY II: WATER AND ORGANIC MOLECULES (REVISED 3/12/07)
CELLS I: ORIGINS (REVISED 3/12/07)
CELLS II: CELLULAR ORGANIZATION (REVISED 3/12/07)
TRANSPORT IN AND OUT OF CELLS (REVISED 3/12/07)
CELL DIVISION: BINARY FISSION AND MITOSIS (REVISED 6/21/01)
CELL DIVISION: MEIOSIS AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION (REVISED 3/12/07)
LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS (REVISED 6/20/01)
REACTIONS AND ENZYMES (REVISED 6/20/01)
ATP AND BIOLOGICAL ENERGY (REVISED 3/12/07)
CELLULAR METABOLISM AND FERMENTATION (REVISED 3/12/07)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS (REVISED 6/24/01)
INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS (REVISED 6/21/01)
GENE INTERACTIONS (REVISED 6/21/01)
DNA AND MOLECULAR GENETICS (REVISED 3/12/07)
HUMAN GENETICS (REVISED 6/21/01)
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (REVISED 3/12/07)
CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION (3/12/07)
PLANTS AND THEIR STRUCTURE (REVISED 3/12/07)
PLANTS AND THEIR STRUCTURE II (REVISED 3/12/07)
FLOWERING PLANT REPRODUCTION: Flower Structure (REVISED 6/22/01)
FLOWERING PLANT REPRODUCTION: Fertilization and Fruits (REVISED 6/22/01)
PLANT HORMONES AND NUTRITION (REVISED 6/22/01)
ANIMAL CELLS AND TISSUES (REVISED 3/12/07)
ANIMAL ORGAN SYSTEMS AND HOMEOSTASIS (REVISED 3/12/07)
THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (REVISED 6/21/01)
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (REVISED 3/12/07)
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY (REVISED 6/21/01)
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (REVISED 3/12/07)
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM (REVISED 6/22/01)
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (REVISED 6/20/01)
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (REVISED 3/12/07)
THE MUSCULAR AND SKELETAL SYSTEMS (REVISED 6/21/01)
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (REVISED 6/24/01)
THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM (REVISED 6/21/01)
DEVELOPMENT OF EVOLUTIONARY THEORY (REVISED 6/20/01)
THE MODERN VIEW OF EVOLUTION (REVISED 8/8/01)
PALEOBIOLOGY: FOSSILS AND TIME (NEW 9/27/01)
PALEOBIOLOGY: THE PRECAMBRIAN: LIFE’S GENESIS AND SPREAD (NEW 9/27/01)
PALEOBIOLOGY: THE EARLY PALEOZOIC (NEW 9/27/01)
PALEOBIOLOGY: THE LATE PALEOZOIC (NEW 9/27 /01)
PALEOBIOLOGY: THE MESOZOIC, AGE OF CYCADS AND DINOSAURS (NEW 9/27/01)
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: CLASSIFICATION (REVISED 6/20/01)
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: VIRUSES (REVISED 3/12/07)
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: BACTERIA AND ARCHAEANS (REVISED 3/12/07)
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: PROTISTS: STEM EUKARYOTES (REVISED 6/18/01)
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: FUNGI (REVISED 6/18/01)
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: NONVASCULAR PLANTS AND NONSEED VASCULAR PLANTS (REVISED 6/18/01)
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: SEED PLANTS (REVISED 6/18/01)
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: ANIMALS I (REVISED 6/18/01)
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: ANIMALS II (REVISED 6/18/01)
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: ANIMALS III (REVISED 6/18/01)
HUMAN EVOLUTION (REVISED 6/21/01)
POPULATION ECOLOGY (REVISED 6/22/01)
COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS (REVISED 3/12/07)
THE BIOSPHERE AND MASS EXTINCTIONS (REVISED 3/12/07)
GLOSSARY (REVISED 8/8/01)
DIVERSITY IN BIOLOGY (REVISED 12/5/01)