Flash animation showing a bacterium producing an enzyme capable of destroying the antibiotic.
Flash animation showing a bacterium producing an altered ribosomal subunit to which the antibiotic no longer binds.
Flash animation showing a bacterium producing an altered enzyme to which the antibiotic no longer binds.
Flash animation showing a bacterium producing altered porins to block transport of the drug across the outer membrane.
Flash animation showing a bacterium producing an altered carrier protein to block transport of the drug across the cytoplasmic membrane.
Flash animation showing a bacterium producing new transporter protein able to pump the drug out of the bacterium.
Flash animation showing competitive antagonism.
Flash animation showing a bacterium producing more of a limited enzyme so competitive antagonism favors the bacterium.
GIF animation showing antisense RNA.
GIF animation illustrating R plasmid conjugation.