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	<title>aging &#8211; mikrobik.net</title>
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		<title>Aging, immunity, and cancer</title>
		<link>https://wp.mikrobik.net/aging-immunity-and-cancer/</link>
					<comments>https://wp.mikrobik.net/aging-immunity-and-cancer/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mikrobik]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Dec 2011 21:53:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Mikrobiyoloji Derlemeleri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aging]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cancer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[immunity]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[Aging, immunity, and cancer Fulop T, Larbi A, Kotb R, de Angelis F, Pawelec G. Discov Med. 2011 Jun;11(61):537-50. Abstract Age is the most important risk factor for tumorigenesis. More than 60% of...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><span style="color:#5C3566;">Aging, immunity, and cancer</span></strong><br />
Fulop T, Larbi A, Kotb R, de Angelis F, Pawelec G.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.discoverymedicine.com/Tamas-Fulop/2011/06/24/aging-immunity-and-cancer/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Discov Med. 2011 Jun;11(61):537-50.</a></p>
<p>Abstract</p>
<p>Age is the most important risk factor for tumorigenesis. More than 60% of new cancers and more than 70% of cancer deaths occur in elderly subjects >65 years. The immune system plays an important role in the battle of the host against cancer development. Deleterious alterations occur to the immune response with aging, termed immunosenescence. It is tempting to speculate that this waning immune response contributes to the higher incidence of cancer, but robust data on this important topic are few and far between. This review is devoted to discussing state of the art knowledge on the relationship between immunosenescence and cancer. Emerging understanding of the aging process at the molecular level is viewed from the perspective of this increased tumorigenesis. We also consider some of the most recent means to intervene in the modulation of immunosenescence to increase the ability of the immune system to fight against tumors. Future research will unravel new aspects of the immune response against tumors which will be modulable to decrease the burden of cancer in elderly individuals.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Is there more to aging than mitochondrial DNA and reactive oxygen species?</title>
		<link>https://wp.mikrobik.net/is-there-more-to-aging-than-mitochondrial-dna-and-reactive-oxygen-species/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mikrobik]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 22 Oct 2010 22:10:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biyokimya Derlemeleri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aging]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Is there more to aging than mitochondrial DNA and reactive oxygen species? Mikhail F. Alexeyev FEBS Journal 276 (2009) 5768–5787 With the aging of the population, we are seeing a global increase in...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><span style="color:#5C3566;">Is there more to aging than mitochondrial DNA and reactive oxygen species?</span></strong><br />
Mikhail F. Alexeyev</p>
<p><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07269.x/pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">FEBS Journal 276 (2009) 5768–5787</a></p>
<p>With the aging of the population, we are seeing a global increase in the prevalence of age-related disorders, especially in developed countries. Chronic diseases disproportionately affect the older segment of the population, contributing to disability, a diminished quality of life and an increase in healthcare costs. Increased life expectancy reflects the success of contemporary medicine, which must now respond to the challenges created by this achievement, including the growing burden of chronic illnesses, injuries and disabilities. A well-developed theoretical framework is required to understand the molecular basis of aging. Such a framework is a prerequisite for the development of clinical interventions that will constitute an efficient response to the challenge of age-related health issues. This review critically analyzes the experimental evidence that supports and refutes the Free Radical/Mitochondrial Theory of Aging, which has dominated the field of aging research for almost half a century.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Protein oksidasyonunun mekanizması, önemi ve yaşlılıkla ilişkisi</title>
		<link>https://wp.mikrobik.net/protein-oksidasyonunun-mekanizmasi-onemi-ve-yaslilikla-iliskisi/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mikrobik]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 31 Aug 2010 11:08:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biyokimya Derlemeleri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aging]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[yaşlanma]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>

					<description><![CDATA[PROTEİN OKSİDASYONUNUN MEKANİZMASI, ÖNEMİ VE YAÞLILIKLA İLİÞKİSİ Özlem Gülbahar Turkish Journal of Geriatrics 2007; 10 (1): 43-48 Reaktif oksijen türlerinin birçok fizyolojik ve patolojik süreçte rol oynadığı bilinmektedir. Reaktif oksijen türleri direk ya...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><span style="color:#5C3566;">PROTEİN OKSİDASYONUNUN MEKANİZMASI, ÖNEMİ VE YAÞLILIKLA İLİÞKİSİ</span></strong><br />
Özlem Gülbahar</p>
<p><a href="http://geriatri.dergisi.org/pdf/pdf_TJG_348.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Turkish Journal of Geriatrics 2007; 10 (1): 43-48</a></p>
<p>Reaktif oksijen türlerinin birçok fizyolojik ve patolojik süreçte rol oynadığı bilinmektedir. Reaktif oksijen türleri direk ya da indirek olarak protein, lipid, DNA ve karbohidrat gibi biyomoleküllerin hasarlanmasına yol açabilirler. Proteinler oksidatif hasarın majör hedefleri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. İyonize radyasyon, metal iyon-katalizli reaksiyonlar, fotokimyasal prosesler ve enzim katalizli redoks reaksiyonları tarafından oluflturulan reaktif oksijen türleri ile proteinlerin reaksiyonu sonucu protein oksidasyonu oluşmaktadır. Amino asit yan zincirlerinin hidroksil veya karbonil derivelerine modifikasyonu, protein-protein çapraz bağlarının oluşumu ve polipeptid zincirlerinin fragmantasyonu proteinlerin oksidatif reaksiyonlarının muhtemel sonuçlarıdır. Bunlar arasında protein karbonil grubu içeriği genel bir indikatördür ve protein oksidasyonunun en yaygın kullanılan belirtecidir. Son yıllarda yaşlanma ile ilgili araştırmalarda da reaktif oksijen türleri üzerinde durulmakta ve yaşlanma sürecinde önemli rol oynadığı ileri sürülmektedir. Proteinlerin aktif oksijen türleri aracılığıyla hasarlanmasına örnek olarak yaşlanma sırasında görülen bazı anahtar metabolik enzimlerin oksidatif inaktivasyonu verilebilir. Ayrıca oksidatif olarak modifiye olan proteinlerin inflamatuar hastalıklar, aterosklerozis, nörolojik hastalıklar, iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarı ve<br />
karsinogenezisi içeren farklı patolojik şartlarda biriktiği bilinmektedir.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Geriatrik Fizyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Değişiklikler</title>
		<link>https://wp.mikrobik.net/geriatrik-fizyolojik-ve-biyokimyasal-degisiklikler/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mikrobik]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2009 09:50:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biyokimya Derlemeleri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aging]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[geriatri]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Geriatrik Fizyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Değişiklikler Zeynep Özbek, Pernur Öner Türk Klinik Biyokimya Derg 2008; 6(2): 73-80 Günümüzde yaşlıların oranı, şaşırtıcı bir hızla artmaktadır. İlerlemiş tıbbi bakım, iyi beslenme ve egzersize verilen önem nedeniyle,...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><span style="color:#5C3566;">Geriatrik Fizyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Değişiklikler</span></strong><br />
Zeynep Özbek, Pernur Öner </p>
<p><a href="http://tkb.dergisi.org/pdf/pdf_TKB_105.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Türk Klinik Biyokimya Derg 2008; 6(2): 73-80</a></p>
<p>Günümüzde yaşlıların oranı, şaşırtıcı bir hızla artmaktadır. İlerlemiş tıbbi bakım, iyi beslenme ve egzersize verilen önem nedeniyle, artan sayıda insan 65 ve üzerindeki yaşlarda yaşıyorlar. Bu artışla birlikte, klinik laboratuar uzmanları için yaşlanma ve onun laboratuar değerlerine etkileri hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak gittikçe önem kazanmaktadır.<br />
Yaşlanma ile ilişkili birçok biyokimyasal ve fizyolojik değişiklikler vardır. Yaşlanma strese adaptasyon gücünde ve kas kütlesinde azalma; solunum, böbrek, karaciğer, bağışıklık, nörolojik ve endokrin sistem fonksiyonlarında kademeli azalma ile birlikte görülür. Ayrıca, insanlarda yaşlanma hızının hangi yaşta oluştuğu bakımından büyük bireysel farklılıklar vardır. Yaşlanma olayının başlangıcı ve gelişiminde çevresel ve sosyal faktörler de önemlidir.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Cellular Senescence in Cancer and Aging</title>
		<link>https://wp.mikrobik.net/cellular-senescence-in-cancer-and-aging/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mikrobik]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 2009 14:34:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biyokimya Derlemeleri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aging]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cancer]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Cellular Senescence in Cancer and Aging Manuel Collado, Maria A. Blasco and Manuel Serrano Cell, Volume 130, Issue 2, 223-233, 27 July 2007 Cellular senescence, a state of irreversible growth arrest, can be...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Cellular Senescence in Cancer and Aging</strong><br />
Manuel Collado, Maria A. Blasco and Manuel Serrano</p>
<p><a href="http://download.cell.com/pdf/PIIS0092867407008902.pdf?intermediate=true" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cell, Volume 130, Issue 2, 223-233, 27 July 2007</a></p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="http://download.cell.com/images/journalimages/0092-8674/PIIS0092867407008902.gr1.lrg.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:100%;height:auto;" /><br />
<img decoding="async" src="http://download.cell.com/images/journalimages/0092-8674/PIIS0092867407008902.gr2.lrg.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:100%;height:auto;" /><br />
<img decoding="async" src="http://download.cell.com/images/journalimages/0092-8674/PIIS0092867407008902.gr3.lrg.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:100%;height:auto;" /><br />
Cellular senescence, a state of irreversible growth arrest, can be triggered by multiple mechanisms including telomere shortening, the epigenetic derepression of the INK4a/ARF locus, and DNA damage. Together these mechanisms limit excessive or aberrant cellular proliferation, and so the state of senescence protects against the development of cancer. Recent evidence suggests that cellular senescence also may be involved in aging.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Iron and Copper Toxicity in Diseases of Aging, Particularly Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s Disease</title>
		<link>https://wp.mikrobik.net/iron-and-copper-toxicity-in-diseases-of-aging-particularly-atherosclerosis-and-alzheimers-disease/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mikrobik]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Jan 2009 09:43:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biyokimya Derlemeleri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aging]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[alzheimer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[copper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iron]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Iron and Copper Toxicity in Diseases of Aging, Particularly Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s Disease George J. Brewer Exp Biol Med 232:323–335, 2007 In this review, we point out that natural selection does not act...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><span style="color:#5C3566;">Iron and Copper Toxicity in Diseases of Aging, Particularly Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s Disease </span></strong><br />
George J. Brewer</p>
<p><a href="http://www.ebmonline.org/cgi/reprint/232/2/323?maxtoshow=&#038;HITS=10&#038;hits=10&#038;RESULTFORMAT=&#038;andorexacttitle=and&#038;andorexacttitleabs=and&#038;fulltext=review&#038;andorexactfulltext=and&#038;searchid=1&#038;FIRSTINDEX=0&#038;sortspec=relevance&#038;fdate=//&#038;tdate=//&#038;resourcetype=HWCIT" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Exp Biol Med 232:323–335, 2007</a></p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="http://www.ebmonline.org/content/vol232/issue2/images/medium/exbm-232-02-323-f01.gif" alt="" style="max-width:100%;height:auto;" /></p>
<p>In this review, we point out that natural selection does not act to lessen human diseases after the reproductive and caregiving period and that normal levels of iron and copper that may be healthy during the reproductive years appear to be contributing to diseases of aging and possibly the aging process itself. It is clear that oxidant damage contributes to many of the diseases of aging, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s diseases, diabetes, diseases of inflammation, diseases of fibrosis, diseases of autoimmunity, and so on. It is equally clear that both iron and copper can contribute to excess production of damaging reactive oxygen species through Fenton chemistry. Here, we examine the evidence that &#8220;normal&#8221; levels of iron and copper contribute to various diseases of aging.</p>
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