Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
American Diabetes Association

Diabetes Care 32:S62-S67, 2009

Criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes
1. FPG 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l). Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 h.*
OR
2. Symptoms of hyperglycemia and a casual plasma glucose 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l). Casual is defined as any time of day without regard to time since last meal. The classic symptoms of hyperglycemia include polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss.
OR
3. 2-h plasma glucose 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l) during an OGTT. The test should be performed as described by the World Health Organization, using a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water.*

* In the absence of unequivocal hyperglycemia, these criteria should be confirmed by repeat testing on a different day.

Diagnosis of GDM with a 100-g or 75-g glucose load

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100-g glucose load
Fasting 95 mg/dl 5.3 mmol/l
1-h 180 mg/dl 10.0 mmol/l
2-h 155 mg/dl 8.6 mmol/l
3-h 140 mg/dl 7.8 mmol/l
75-g glucose load
Fasting 95 mg/dl 5.3 mmol/l
1-h 180 mg/dl 10.0 mmol/l
2-h 155 mg/dl 8.6 mmol/l

Two or more of the venous plasma concentrations must be met or exceeded for a positive diagnosis. The test should be done in the morning after an overnight fast of between 8 and 14 h and after at least 3 days of unrestricted diet (150 g carbohydrate per day) and unlimited physical activity. The subject should remain seated and should not smoke throughout the test.